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A guide to developing professional values and ethics DESCRIPTION Revolutionaryyes, revolutionaryis Practical Philosophy of Sport. It is readable and understandable, and, like no other text before, it will help your students develop a professional philosophy. The text skillfully guides students through a fascinating intellectual journey to help shape their professional values and ethics in physical education, sport, and exercise science. Practical Philosophy of Sport will change student perceptions of the relevance of sport philosophy. Rather than seeing courses and texts as pedantic and inapplicable, students and instructors alike will discover just how practical a well-developed professional philosophy can be. With this text, you will demystify philosophy and help your students become better professionals. With this text, you will help students move beyond just reading about or passively listening to philosophy to actively "doing" it. Practical Philosophy of Sport will help readers
develop professional reasoning skills,
find answers to their philosophic questions, and
form a personal philosophy of physical education, sport, and exercise science. Part I of Practical Philosophy of Sport introduces students to the philosophic process and helps them assess their readiness to think philosophically. Students are given an opportunity to try out their philosophy skills as they examine dualism and holism, two opposing views of human nature. Part II examines the needs of individuals and society and discusses how physical education, sport, and exercise science can address these needs. The section then examines four traditional values of physical educationfitness, knowledge, motor skills, and pleasurefrom both extrinsic and intrinsic perspectives. In Part III, readers learn the practical implications of the discussions in Parts I and II. The section outlines the kinds of philosophical thinking required for professionals to find solutions to their daily problems. Each chapter in Practical Philosophy of Sport contains
a chapter review and a preview of what's ahead,
review questions that allow readers to check their understanding,
a list of key terms,
additional readings, and
philosophic exercises that present questions, dilemmas, and ideas for readers to think about and respond to. The book is excellent for students in introductory sport philosophy courses as well as for upperlevel undergraduate and graduate students who are considering physical education, sport, or exercise science as a career. It's also an excellent reference for professionals who want help in finding purpose and direction in their daily work. AUDIENCE Reference for physical education instructors, students, and administrators.
CONTENTS Preface
Introduction
Part I: Getting Started
Chapter 1. Developing Philosophic Skills
Acquiring Skill In Asking Philosophic Questions
Why Even Ask Philosophic Questions?
Interpreting Your PRQ
How Are Philosophic Questions Different From Other Questions?
What is the Range of Philosophic Questions?
Developing Skill in Pursuing Philosophic Answers
How Do You Begin?
How Should You Proceed with the Analysis?
How Do You Know That You Have Reached a Valid Conclusion?
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking Your Understanding
Key Terms
Further Readings
Chapter 2. Dualism: Bodies Separated from Persons
What is a Person?
Bodies Separated From Persons
The Body as a Machine
Four Images of Body-Person Separation
The Body: Different Than Mind (Object Dualism)
The Body: Guided By Mind (Value Dualism)
The Body: Involved In Doing, Not Thinking (Behavior
dualism)
The Body: A Processor of Non-Verbal Symbols
(Language Dualism)
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking Your Understanding
Key Terms
Further Readings
Chapter 3. Holism: Bodies United with Persons
The Significance of Holism
Early Expressions of Holism
Merits and Shortcomings of These Descriptions
A Vertical Interpretation of Persons
A New Vision: Five Holistic Principles
Impressive Intelligence: Four Pictures
Unimpressive Intelligence: Four Pictures
A Horizontal Interpretation of Persons
Three Implications of the New Holism
A Partial Concession
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking Your Understanding
Key Terms
Further Readings
Part II: The Values Of Sport, Exercise Science, And Physical Education
Chapter 4. Sport and the Needs of Society
Why Look at Society?
Taking Individuals and Institutions Seriously
Distinguishing Biases From Insights
Separating Greater Needs From Lesser Needs
Three Views of Contemporary Society
Excessive Survivalism
Survivalism in Physical Education
Runaway Individualism
Individualism in Physical Education
Oppressive Rationalism
Rationalism in Physical Education
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking Your Understanding
Key Terms
Further Readings
Chapter 5. Sport, Dance, and Exercise Values
Life's Important Values and Physical Education
The Good Life
Values and the Good Life
Physical Education's Contribution to the Good Life
Why Prioritize Values?
Value Choices Make a Difference
Value Choices are Unavoidable
Value Choices Provide a Focus
Making Value Choices
Reasons for Tolerance and Caution
Reasons for Intolerance and Boldness
A Procedure for Ranking Values
Surveying The Facts
Weighing The Reasons
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking your Understanding
Key terms
Further readings
Chapter 6. The Extrinsic Value of Fitness, Knowledge, Skill, and Pleasure
Examining Extrinsic Values
Health- and Activity-Related Fitness as an Extrinsic
Value
Health- and Activity-Related Knowledge as an
Extrinsic Value
Motor Skill as an Extrinsic Value
Health- and Activity-Related Pleasure as an
Extrinsic Value
Prioritizing the Four Extrinsic Values
One Possible Ranking
Fitness: Our Most Important Extrinsic Value
Pleasure Over Skill
Knowledge
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking your Understanding
Key Terms
Further Readings
Chapter 7. The Intrinsic Value of Fitness, Knowledge, Skill, and Pleasure
Examining Intrinsic values
Health- and Activity-Related Fitness as an Intrinsic
Value
Health- and Activity-Related Knowledge as an
Intrinsic Value
Motor Skill as an Intrinsic Value
Health- and Activity-Related Pleasure as an
Intrinsic Value
Prioritizing the Four Intrinsic Values
One Possible Ranking
Comparing Skill and Knowledge
Comparing Pleasure and Skill
An Overall Ranking of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Values
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking Your Understanding
Key Terms
Further Readings
Part III: Improving Life Through Our Profession: Applications Of Philosophic Thinking Chapter 8. Making Changes That Matter
Trivial Physical Education: Four Charges
The Criticism From Dualistic Idealism
The Criticism From Vocationalism
The Criticism From Humanism
The Criticism From High Culture and the Arts
Qualities of Liberal Education
The Wisdom Tradition
The Exploration Tradition
The Modern Combination of Traditions
Liberal Education and Sport, Games, and Play
Motor Skill and the Wisdom Tradition
Motor Skill and the Exploration Tradition
Activity Skill As Mainstream Education: Strength
and Weaknesses
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking Your Understanding
Key Terms
Further Readings
Chapter 9. The Significance of Games and Play
Our professions subject matter
Features of games
Features of play
The significance of games and play
The need for games
The need for play
Practical applications
Body philosophy
Value philosophy
Practical philosophy
Personnel-Related Dilemmas
Curriculum-Related Dilemmas
Methodology-Related Dilemmas
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking your understanding
Key terms
Further readings
Chapter 10. Making Sound Ethical Decisions
What Are Ethics?
Becoming Sensitive to Moral Issues
How Moral Callouses Develop
Removing Moral Callouses
Respecting and Loving Oneself
Cooling Out
Loving Yourself Psychologically
Drawing Conclusions About High and Low Self-Esteem
Loving Yourself Philosophically
Humans at Their Best
Looking for Win-Win Situations
Respecting and Loving Our Craft
Caring for Tests and Contests
Preserving Challenges and Tests
Preserving Competition and Contests
Looking for Moral Excellence
Review
Looking Ahead
Checking your understanding
Key terms
Further readings
Chapter 11. Writing a Personal Philosophy
Professional Traveling and Philosophic Roadmaps
Relying on Philosophy to Provide a Road Map
Writing a Personal Philosophy
A Comprehensive Philosophic Statement
A Function-Specific Philosophic Statement
What Happens Now?
References
Index
ABOUT THE AUTHOR R. Scott Kretchmar, PhD, is widely regarded as one of the leading sport philosophers in the United States. He not only has taught philosophy of sport for over 25 years but also has played a key role in making it a legitimate field of scholarship and study. Dr. Kretchmar is both a founding member and a past president of the Philosophic Society for the Study of Sport. He is also a past president of the Philosophy Academy of the National Association for Sport and Physical Education. Kretchmar earned a bachelor's degree from Oberlin College in 1966 and a doctorate in physical education from the University of Southern California in 1971. He is a professor in Penn State University's Department of Exercise and Sport Science, for which he was department head from 1984 to 1989. He is also an assistant editor for the Journal of the Philosophy of Sport and an editor of the Fair Play column in Strategies. In 1989, Dr. Kretchmar was elected a Fellow in the American Academy of Kinesiology and Physical Education. WORDS OF PRAISE "Professor Kretchmar has written a first-class philosophy textbook for undergraduates and advanced students....But to call it only a textbook is to miss the larger significance of his contribution. It is a book that all of us--students and professionals alike--should read and study....This book is assertive, challenging, and well-written. It is a solid and sustained study of values and real-life issues that affect all of us every day." William Harper, PhD
Associate Professor, Purdue University
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