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When John Crompton and Dennis Howard co-authored their classic book Financing, Managing and Marketing Recreation and Park Resources in 1979, they put the spotlight on a growing shortfall in park funding and discussed an array of innovative solutions. Twenty years later, continued budget cutbacks and additional service demands have made funding an even greater concern for park and recreation managers.Now Crompton has put every aspect of park and recreation financing into a comprehensive resource that will help today's and tomorrow's managers meet the daily challenge of "doing more with less." Financing and Acquiring Park and Recreation Resources is not an abstract reference destined to fill space on a shelf, but a comprehensive source book filled with real and workable solutions. It examines the forces behind decreased public spending and presents a wide range of alternative funding methods being used to bridge the gap and pay for new facilities and programs. You'll find information on everything from the traditional mechanisms of municipal bonds and property taxes to the evolving role of donations, volunteers, sponsorships, foundations, co-production, and public-private alliances in funding park operations. There's more to making ends meet than coming up with the dollars. Cost containment and effective resource management are also important factors. This book covers it all, from basic operating budgets to various ways of outsourcing services and sharing resources to make every dollar count. Where others may merely suggest ideas like using volunteers, Crompton spells out the details, from selecting and managing recruits to preparing for their arrival. And where others may briefly allude to possible sources of friction in fundraising efforts, Crompton gives readers a clear picture of the intangible forces that motivate every funding decision on the private and public level. There's a vast difference between knowing what to do and knowing how to get it done. Crompton makes it easy with helpful hints and practical solutions, including the following: - How to select companies with good sponsorship potential
- How to recognize and position your assets
- Who to contact within a sponsor organization and what to say
- How to find and manage volunteers
- How to build long-term relationships with benefactors
- How to write successful grant proposals
No other book covers so much information with such clarity and detail. Crompton has successfully rewritten the "bible" of financial problem solving for public park and recreation organizations. If there's a way to cut costs, raise funds, form partnerships, or reevaluate assets to further the successful operation of park and recreation areas, you'll find it in this book.
About the AuthorJohn L. Crompton, PhD, is a professor of Recreation, Park and Tourism Sciences at Texas A&M University and a former president of both the Academy of Park and Recreation Administration and the Society of Park and Recreation Educators (SPRE). Considered the leading authority in his field, Professor Crompton has authored more than 300 publications. He also has traveled extensively, keynoting the Annual National Park and Recreation Conferences in Great Britain, Canada, Japan, Australia, South Africa, and New Zealand. He's a recipient of the Outstanding Literary Award and the Outstanding Research Award from the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA), and he received the Distinguished Colleague Award and the Outstanding Teaching Award from the SPRE. In 1979, Crompton and Dennis Howard co-authored Financing, Managing and Marketing Recreation and Park Resources, which became the definitive text used in the curricula of more than 100 colleges. Since its publication, Professor Crompton has continued his research, conducting workshops around the world and gathering practical information from across North America for this book. Professor Crompton earned his doctorate in Recreation Resources Development at Texas A&M University in 1977. He also is a member of the Board of Trustees of NRPA.
Table of Contents- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I: Foundations of Financing and Acquisition
- Chapter 1. Introduction: The Operating Environment
- Evolution of the Tax Revolt
- Emergence of the Park and Recreation Manager as Entrepreneur
- Orientation to the Text
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 2. Property Taxes, Sales Taxes, and Bonds
- General Property Taxes
- The Mechanics of Proposition 13
- Real-Estate Transfer Taxes
- Sales Taxes
- The Hotel-Motel Tax
- Manufacturers' Excise Tax on Recreational Equipment
- Benefit Assessment Districts
- Capital Funding Mechanisms
- Full-Faith and Credit Obligations
- Nonguaranteed Debt
- Conducting a Bond Campaign
- Mechanics of Selling Bonds
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 3. Budgeting Processes
- Capital Budgeting
- The Operating Budget
- Roles of the Actors
- Incremental Budgeting
- Types of Operating Budgets
- Line-Item Budgeting
- Program Budgeting
- Performance Budgeting
- Zero-Base Budgeting
- Entrepreneurial Budgeting Systems
- Enterprise Funds
- Budget Preparation
- Budget Monitoring
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 4. Less-Than-Fee Simple Approaches
- Differential Taxation Assessment
- Planned Unit and Cluster Developments
- Transference of Development Rights
- Easements
- Affirmative and Negative Easements
- Term and Perpetual Easements
- Landowner Considerations in Negotiating an Easement
- Agency Considerations in Negotiating an Easement
- Strategies for Expediting Easement Acquisition
- The Emergence of Greenways
- Greenline Parks
- Models
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 5. Repositioning the Field to Create a Broader Constituency
- The Set of Repositioning Strategies
- Aligning With Community
- Contributing to Economic Development
- Attracting Tourists
- Attracting Businesses
- Attracting Retirees
- Enhancing Real-Estate Values
- Expanding Retail Sales of Equipment
- Stimulating Urban Rejuvenation
- Alleviating Social Problems
- Youth Crime
- Unemployment
- Non challenging Employment
- Environmental Stress
- Cost of Health Care
- Summary
- References
- Part II: Direct Partnerships
- Chapter 6. The Emergent Paradigm: Privatization and Partnerships
- Frustration With Direct Service Delivery
- The Emergence of Privatization
- The Convergence of Political Agendas
- Recognition of the Inefficiencies Associated With Monopolistic Direct Delivery
- Awareness of the Distinction Between Provision and Production
- Reconciling Value Systems of Agencies and Businesses
- Making Partnerships Work
- The Unfair Competition Issue
- Campgrounds
- Recreational and Fitness Centers
- Other Public Sector Contexts
- Nonprofit Organizations
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 7. The Complementary Assets of Park and Recreation Agencies and Business Enterprises
- Agency Pump-Priming Resources
- Land Bank
- Low-Cost Capital
- Tax Incentives
- Control Over Permit and Zoning Processes
- Commercial Sector Assets
- Ability to Raise Capital
- Specialized Management Expertise
- Reduced Labor Costs
- Adaptability to Scale of Service
- Reduced Liability Risks
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 8. Partnerships With the Commercial Sector Beyond Pump Priming
- Land Exchanges
- Types of Voluntary Exchanges
- Mitigation Land Exchanges
- Using Existing Commercial Facilities
- Recreational Facilities or Classes
- Urban Parks
- Resources Beyond the Urban Environment
- Using Utility Company Lands
- Public Sector Takeover of Commercial Facilities
- Joint Development With the Commercial Sector
- Multiparty Partnerships
- Expansion of Existing Facilities
- Commercial Sector Pump Priming
- Leaseback Arrangements
- Multiple Exploitation of a Resource
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 9. Contracting Out Services
- Analyzing the Potential for Cost Savings
- Availability of Alternative Service Producers
- Central Sources of Controversy
- Displacement of Existing Personnel
- Control of Prices
- Equity
- Soliciting Public Input
- Formulating the Contract
- Safeguarding Against Contract Failure
- Selecting the Invitation-to-Bid or Request-for-Proposals Approach
- Types of Payment Option
- Size and Scope of Contract
- Contract Content
- Monitoring the Contractor's Performance
- Case Example: Contracting Out Maintenance and Mowing Services
- Planning and Preparation
- Implementation
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 10. Acquiring Resources Through Exactions
- Alternative Forms of Exactions
- Land Dedication
- Fees in Lieu
- Impact Fees
- Legal Challenges
- Perceptions of Exactions by Stakeholder Groups
- Perspectives of Local Government Officials: The Case for Support
- Perspectives of Local Government Officials: The Case for Opposition
- Perspectives of Developers: The Case for Support
- Perspectives of Developers: The Case for Opposition
- Perspectives of New Residents: The Case for Support
- Perspectives of New Residents: The Case for Opposition
- Perspectives of Existing Residents: The Case for Support
- Perspectives of Existing Residents: The Case for Opposition
- Negotiated Planning Gains
- Incentive Zoning
- Concept of Linkage
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 11. Intergovernmental Cooperation
- Partnerships With Schools
- Benefits of Joint Provision
- Difficulties Arising From Joint Provision
- Vision: The Key Ingredient
- Partnerships With Other Public Agencies
- Cooperative Ventures With Other Local Agencies
- Cooperative Ventures With Federal and State Agencies
- Federal Grant Support
- The Land and Water Conservation Fund
- Other Federal Grant Opportunities
- Youth Crime Prevention Programs
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 12. Facilitation and Co-production
- Forms of Facilitation
- The Concept of Co-production
- Advantages of Co-production
- Limitations of Co-production
- Transitioning From Direct Delivery to Co-production
- Demonstrating Accountability
- Agency Conduits for Investing in Co-production
- Vouchers
- Summary
- References
- Part III: Support From External Sources
- Chapter 13. Support From Volunteers
- Benefits That Volunteers Bring to an Agency
- Motives of Volunteers
- Corporate Volunteers
- Preparing an Agency for Volunteers
- Securing Employee Support
- Organizational Arrangements for Managing Volunteer Programs
- Liability Risk
- Developing Job Descriptions
- Recruitment of Volunteers
- Interviewing
- Retention of Volunteers
- Evaluation
- Recognition and Rewards
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 14. Support From Donations
- Donations From Individuals
- Tax Considerations
- Phased Acquisition of Property
- Five Types of Planned Donations
- Donations From Businesses
- Motives for Business Donations
- Rationales for Businesses Not Making Donations
- Influence of the Tax Structure on Corporate Donation Decisions
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 15. Popular Donation Vehicles
- Planned Donation Workshops
- Key Features of Successful Planned Donation Workshops
- Gifts Catalogs
- Advantages of Gifts Catalogs
- Developing a Gifts Catalog
- Donating Personal Bricks
- Donation Boxes and Fountains
- Check-Off Donations
- Adopt-a-Facility Programs
- Cause-Related Marketing
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 16. Support From Sponsorships
- Benefits Sought From Sponsorships by Business Organizations
- The Relationship Between Sponsorship Benefits and the Consumer's Purchase Decision Process
- The Media's Key Role in Enhancing Sponsor Benefits
- Sponsorship of Recreation by Tobacco and Alcohol Companies
- Integrating Sponsorship With Other Communication Vehicles
- Measuring the Impact of Sponsorship
- Linking Sponsorship to the Communication Process
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 17. Soliciting Sponsorship and Donation Investments
- Matching a Recreation Service With a Potential Corporate Investor
- Matching Images
- Matching Target Markets
- Developing a Set of Potential Company Investors
- Preparation of Proposals
- Developing and Pricing Benefit Packages
- Communicating the Proposal
- Preparation
- Presentation
- Handling Negative Reactions
- Closing
- Criteria Used by Companies to Screen Proposals
- Handling Rejections
- The Contract
- Working Together to Make It Happen
- Post-Event Follow-Up
- A Concluding Example: The Importance of Flair and Imagination
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 18. Support Roles of Foundations
- Legal Status
- The Roles of Foundations in Support of Public Agencies
- Facilitate Donations and Grants
- Accept Controversy and Risk
- Provide Agility
- Offer Specialized Expertise
- Extend Beyond Jurisdictional Boundaries
- Summary
- References
- Chapter 19. Types of Foundations
- Operating Foundations
- Expression of Corporate Philanthropy
- Umbrella Foundations
- Deliver Auxiliary Services for Public Agencies
- Alternative to Public Agency Management
- Support Foundations
- National Foundations
- Local Foundations
- Grant-Aiding Foundations
- Corporate Foundations
- General or Special-Purpose Foundations
- Community Foundations
- Private Foundations
- Summary
- References
- Index
- About the Author
AudiencesTextbook for upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in recreation and park administration. Reference for recreation and park professionals.
Shipping Details: This item ships standard for $7.95 to the Continental U.S.
Availability: In stock - leaves the warehouse within 1 - 2 business days.
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