Child Health, Nutrition, and Physical Activity offers a comprehensive review of the latest information on nutrition, physical activity, eating disorders, obesity in childhood, and prevention of chronic disease in adulthood. This book is a result of the groundbreaking Harvard Conference on Nutrition and Physical Activity of Children and Youth, which brought together some of the top professionals in the field, including former U.S. Surgeon General Julius Richmond.
Each chapter identifies important health considerations for American youth,
describes and critiques previous interventions and current behavior patterns,
identifies gaps in current knowledge, and
recommends ways to improve nutrition and fitness in children and adolescents.
Each chapter is followed by several insightful commentaries that view these challenging issues from different perspectives. The book also provides an overview of nutrition and physical activity as they affect child health, and suggests how industry, the media, government, and academia can each play a role in improving child health. Child Health, Nutrition, and Physical Activity is an important reference for medical and nutrition professionals, sports medicine researchers and practitioners, school and public health personnel, physical educators, and others involved in promoting child health. It's also suitable as a text for upper-division undergraduate and graduate-level courses in public health policy, pediatric exercise science, pediatric nutrition, health promotion, and related courses.
AUDIENCE
Reference for medical and nutrition professionals, sports medicine researchers and practitioners, school and public health personnel, physical educators, and others involved in promoting child health. Text for upper-division undergraduate and graduate-level courses in public health policy, pediatric exercise science, pediatric nutrition, health promotion, and related courses.
CONTENTS
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction: A Healthy Lifestyle to Prevent Disease, Julius B. Richmond
Part I: Childhood and Adolescent Nutrition
Chapter 1: Dietary Issues and Nutritional Status of American Children, Catherine E. Woteki and Lloyd J. Filer, Jr.
The Growth Process
Sources of Data
Criteria for Assessment
Dietary Patterns
Problems of Underconsumption
Problems of Overconsumption
Conclusions
References
Commentary 1, Growth and Development: Nutritional Considerations, Gilbert B. Forbes
Commentary 2, Sound Bites: Using the Media to Promote Good Nutrition, Johanna T. Dwyer
Commentary 3, Undernutrition, Early Nutrition, and Overnutrition, Ephraim Y. Levin
Part II: Exercise During Childhood and Adolescence
Chapter 2: Activity, Fitness, and Health of Children and Adolescents, Oded Bar-Or and Robert M. Malina
Secular Changes in Fitness Levels of Children in North America
Habitual Activity of North American Children
Effect of Activity and Training on Growth and Maturation
Short-Term Fitness and Health Benefits of Training
Long-Term Benefits: Tracking Physical Fitness and Health Indexes During Growth
Detrimental Effects of Training
Fitness for What?
Role of the School in Health-Related Fitness
Challenge for the Future
References
Commentary 1, A Behavioral Perspective on Children's Physical Activity, James F. Sallis
Commentary 2, Promoting Activity and Fitness, Russell Pate
Commentary 3, Youth Fitness: Directions for Future Research, Steven N. Blair
Part III: Obesity, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders
Chapter 3. Childhood Obesity, William H. Dietz
Prevalence
Causes of Childhood Obesity
Psychosocial and Physical Consequences of Obesity
Strategies to Prevent and Treat Childhood Obesity
References
Commentary 1, Characterizing and Classifying Childhood Obesity, Ethan A.H. Sims
Commentary 2, School-Based Interventions for Childhood Obesity, James F. Sallis, Audrey H. Chen, and Cynthia M. Castro
Commentary 3, Future Directions in Obesity Research, Van S. Hubbard
Chapter 4. Fear of Fatness and Anorexia Nervosa in Children, Regina C. Casper
Weight Concerns
Eating Disorders in Childhood
Eating Disorders in Early Adolescence
Health and Emotional Costs of Starvation
Risk Factors
Guidance and Preventive Measures
Conclusion
References
Commentary 1, Determinants and Treatment of Eating Disorders, David Herzog
Commentary 2, Prevention Strategies for Eating Disorders, Katherine A. Halmi
Part IV: Prevention of Adult Chronic Diseases
Chapter 5. Childhood Prevention of Adult Chronic Diseases: Rationale and Strategies, Sue Y.S. Kimm and Peter O. Kwiterovich
Rationale for Preventive Efforts
Prevention Strategies
Conditions to be Targeted
Summary and Conclusion
References
Commentary 1, The Physician's Responsibility, William B. Strong
Commentary 2, Lessons From the Minnesota Heart Health Program, Russell V. Luepker
Commentary 3, Early Interventions: The Population Approach, R. Curtis Ellison
Part V: Toward Better Health of Children
Chapter 6. Current Views and Future Perspectives, Lilian Cheung
Nutritional Concerns
Fitness Concerns
Physical Activity and Childhood Obesity
Factors Contributing to Obesity
Eating Disorders and Fear of Fatness
Chronic Diseases of Adulthood: Is the Stage Set?
Conclusions
Chapter 7. Summaries of Working Group Discussions
Academia Working Group
Government and National Agencies Working Group
Industry Working Group
Media Working Group
Appendix A. A Review of Selected Reports on School-Based Health Promotion
Appendix B. Food Guide Pyramid
Appendix C. Recommended Dietary Allowances Table
Appendix D. Mineral and Vitamin Functions and Food Sources
Index
About the Contributors
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Lilian W.Y. Cheung, DSc, RD, is director of the Harvard Nutrition and Fitness Project, a media-based initiative to encourage better dietary and physical activity practices among Americans. Dr. Cheung is a lecturer in the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard University School of Public Health. She is also the principal investigator of the Eat Well and Keep Moving projecta study to promote nutrition and physical activity among schoolchildren. Julius B. Richmond, MD, is a John D. MacArthur professor emeritus of health policy at Harvard University. In 1965 he became founding director of Head Start. From 1977 to 1981, Dr. Richmond served as U.S. Surgeon General and assistant secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services. He has published extensively and made significant contributions to the field of child development, child health, and public health policy.
WORDS OF PRAISE
"The most comprehensive book available on the state of children's nutritional health and fitness. An invaluable resource for all researchers and clinicians involved with children's health. Highly recommended."
John P. Foreyt, PhD
Director, DeBakey Heart Center Nutrition Research Clinic Baylor College of Medicine
"A useful contribution at the right time for those who are motivated by the challenge of trying to invigorate the youth of our times."
Claude Bouchard, PhD
Professor of Exercise Physiology Laval University
"The Harvard School of Public Health convened the foremost university researchers, food and fitness industry executives, government officials, and media experts to jointly produce Child Health, Nutrition, and Physical Activity. The text provides the first common and contemporary map that we all might use to find our way towards preventing the most serious chronic diseases that plague our nation."
Lloyd J. Kolbe, PhD
Director, Division of Adolescent and School Health
National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
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