The definitive handbook for developing accessible fitness programs No single book offers more information for developing and conducting exercise programs for groups that include people with physical disabilities. In Fitness Programming and Physical Disability, a dozen authorities in exercise science and adapted exercise programming explain how to effectively and safely modify existing programs for individuals with physical disabilities--without changing the quality or nature of the activity. Fitness Programming and Physical Disability is an important reference for health fitness instructors, rehabilitation specialists, and fitness directors who design and lead group exercise programs. The book is also used as the text for Disabled Sports USA's "Fitness Is For EveryoneSM" Adaptive Fitness Instructor Certification Workshops. The book is organized in four parts that guide the reader from theory into practice. Part I, an introduction, describes several common physical disabilities, provides insights to help exercise leaders better understand and communicate with people with disabilities, and draws attention to potential barriers that may limit access to community programs. Part II explores the effects of physical disabilities on exercise and training, with particular emphasis on how physically disabling conditions may alter the structure and function of the physiological systems that interact to support aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Part III offers guidelines for adapting specific fitness programs, such as resistance training, stretching, and aerobic dance, to meet the unique needs of people with physical disabilities. Part IV provides practical guidelines for managing accessible fitness programs, including program development and promotion, handling medical emergencies in an exercise situation, tips for working with program participants who use wheelchairs, and much more. CONTENTS Preface
Acknowledgments
Part I: Physical Disability
Chapter 1. Disability Awareness: Considerations for the Exercise Leader, Charles C. Bullock and Michael J. Mahon Accessibility and Barriers to Participation Recent Federal Legislation Communication, Attitudes, and Preferred Behaviors Guidelines for Specific Disabilities Equal Opportunity Chapter 2. Physical Disabilities: General Characteristics and Exercise Implications, Patrick J. DiRocco Nonprogressive Physical Disabilities of the Nervous System Progressive Disorders Disabilities from Injury Outside the Nervous System Visual Impairment Part II: Exercise and Training: Effects of Physical Disability
Chapter 3. Skeletal Muscle Physiology and Anaerobic Exercise, Patricia D. Miller Structure and Function of Skeletal Muscle and Connective Tissue Neuromuscular Control of Movement Determinants of Muscular Force Metabolism and Anaerobic Exercise Chapter 4. Physiology of Aerobic Exercise, Stephen F. Figoni
Benefits of Aerobic Conditioning Oxygen Consumption (VO2) Acute Adjustments to Aerobic Exercise Temperature Regulation Aerobic Training Adaptations Comparisons of Upper Body and Lower Body Exercise Muscle Fatigue and Factors Limiting Aerobic Exercise Capacity Part III: Designing Accessible Fitness Programs
Chapter 5. Exercise Prescription: Adapting Principles of Conditionig, Stephen F. Figoni, Kevin F. Lockette, and Paul R. Surburg Basic Principles of Conditioning Developing the Comprehensive Individualized Exercise Plan Barriers to Health-Fitness Conditioning Chapter 6. Resistance Training: Program Design, Kevin F. Lockette
Benefits of Resistance Training Performance Capabilities of Muscle Variables of Program Design Program Development Chapter 7. Resistance Training with Stretch Bands: Modifying for Disability, Kate F. Baxter and Kevin F. Lockette Using Stretch Bands for Resistance Training Modifications for Specific Conditions Modifications for Specific Disabilities Chapter 8. Flexibility Training: Program Design, Paul R. Surburg
Benefits of Flexibility Flexibility and Range of Motion Factors That Influence Flexibility Uses of Stretching Stretching Techniques Program Development Chapter 9. Static Stretching: Modifying for Disability, Paul R. Surburg
Modifications for Specific Conditions Modifications for Specific Disabilities Chapter 10. Exercises for Muscular Fitness, Patrick J. DiRocco
Exercises for the Neck Exercises for the Shoulder Joint Exercises for the Elbow Joint Exercises for the Wrist Joint Exercises for the Trunk Exercises for the Hip Joint Exercises for the Knee Joint Exercises for the Ankle Joint Chapter 11. Aerobic Dance Exercise, Kathy F. Normansell
Benefits of Aerobic Dance Exercise Selecting Movement Alternatives Seated Aerobic Dance Exercise Conditions Requiring Modifications Team Teaching Part IV: Managing Accessible Fitness Programs
Chapter 12. Administration Guidelines, Kimberly D. Hardin
Program Development Promoting the Adapted Program Class Management
Chapter 13. Medical Conditions Associated With Physical Disabilities: Intervention and Emergency Procedures, Chrys Kub Epilepsy Diabetes Autonomic Dysreflexia Impaired Temperature Regulation Postural and Exercise Hypotension Chapter 14. Wheelchairs and Transfers, Diane Huss
Wheelchairs Exercising in a Wheelchair Wheelchair Assistance Transfers Appendix A. Pharmacologic Agents: Effects on Heart Rate and Blood Pressure During Rest and Exercise Appendix B. Sample Registration Forms
Appendix C. Resources
Glossary
References
Recommended Readings
Index
ABOUT THE AUTHOR Patricia D. Miller, MA, is an exercise physiologist and consultant in exercise programs for people with disabilities. As the former director of Disabled Sports USA's "Fitness Is For EveryoneSM" program, Miller coordinated the development of the Adaptive Fitness Instructor Certification Workshops for which this book serves as the text. These workshops have provided training for more than 350 health care, fitness, and recreation professionals throughout the country in modifying exercise routines for people with disabilities. In addition, Miller initiated mainstream community exercise programs in 26 cities nationwide as part of a grant program funded by the U.S. Department of Education. An avid triathlete and distance runner, Miller knows firsthand the fitness challenges faced by people with physical impairments. In 1988, she underwent surgery to implant a cardiac pacemaker, yet she continues to train for and participate in road races and triathlons. WORDS OF PRAISE "This is a must read for fitness trainers, program directors, facility owners or anyone who desires to help people improve the quality of their life regardless of their ability or disability." Lynne Brick, R.N.B.S.
International Fitness Consultant
President, Brick Bodies Fitness Services, Inc.
"This is the most amazing book. I'm overwhelmed with how thorough and knowledgeable it is." Joanie Greggains
Health & Fitness Expert
Star of TV's "Morning Stretch"
Host of KGO Radio Talk Show (San Francisco)
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